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Prevalence of dyslipidemia among HIV-infected patients using first-line highly active antiretroviral therapy in Southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional comparative group study
Tadewos Agete,Addis Zelalem,Ambachew Henock,Banerjee Sandip
AIDS Research and Therapy , 2012, DOI: 10.1186/1742-6405-9-31
Abstract: Background Data on lipid profile abnormalities among patients receiving highly active antiretroviral treatment in Ethiopia are very limited. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia and characteristics of lipid profiles among patients living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) using first-line highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in Southern Ethiopia. Methods This cross sectional comparative group study was conducted between March and May 2012, and included 113 HIV infected patients treated for a minimum of one year with first-line HAART regimens that included Efavirenz and Nevirapine (HAART group) and others 113 who had never received HAART (pre-HAART group). Serum lipid profiles were determined after overnight fasting and dyslipidemia was assessed according to the United State National Cholesterol Education program-III guideline. For statistical analysis Chi-square, student’s t-test, and logistic regression were used using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 20. Result Ninety-three (82.3%) of HAART and 87 (76.9%) pre-HAART patients had at least one laboratory abnormality, which is compatible with a diagnosis of dyslipidemia. Total cholesterol ≥ 200 mg/dl occurred in 43.4% of HAART and 15.9% pre-HAART patients (p=<0.0001), whereas HDL-cholesterol below 40 mg/dl occurred in 43.4% and in 63.7% respectively, (p=0.002). The LDL-cholesterol ≥ 130 mg/dl occurred in 33.6% of HAART and 15% pre-HAART patients (p=0.001), while triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dl occurred in 55.8% and 31.0% respectively, (p=0.001). Receiving of HAART was significantly and positively associated with raised total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides. The adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) of HAART-treated vs. pre-HAART was 3.80 (1.34-6.55) for total cholesterol ≥ 200 mg/dl; 2.64 (1.31-5.32) for LDL- cholesterol ≥ 130 mg/dl and 2.50 (1.41-4.42) for triglycerides ≥150 mg/dl. Conclusion Use of first-line antiretroviral therapy regimens that contain Efavirenz and Nevirapine were associated with raised total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides, an established atherogenic lipid profiles. Lipid profiles should be performed at baseline before commencement of antiretroviral therapy and then periodically through treatment follow-up to monitor any rising trends.
Prevalence and associated factors of Helicobacter pylori Infection among HIV positive adults on Anti-retroviral Therapy
Addis G. Mariam,Agete Tadewos,Demiss Niguse,Fanuel Belayneh,Techalew Shimelis
- , 2019, DOI: 10.5897/JAHR2018.0479
Abstract:
Review: Low Cost, Environmentally Friendly Humic Acid Coated Magnetite Nanoparticles (HA-MNP) and Its Application for the Remediation of Phosphate from Aqueous Media  [PDF]
Tadewos Damena, Tajeldin Alansi
Journal of Encapsulation and Adsorption Sciences (JEAS) , 2018, DOI: 10.4236/jeas.2018.84013
Abstract: Phosphate is a primary nutrient required for the normal functioning of many organisms in the ecosystem. However, presence of excess phosphate into the aquatic systems leads to eutrophication which can promote harmful algal growth and decrease the amount of dissolved oxygen in water. Municipal, industrial and agricultural run-off wastewaters are the major point sources for phosphate discharges. There are different methods to remove phosphates from water. Among these, adsorption is the most widely accepted method for phosphate removal because of its high efficiency, minimum cost, easy and simple operation and applicability at lower concentrations. The emphasis of this review, is to consolidate low cost, environmentally friendly humic acid coated magnetite nanoparticles (HA-MNP) and its application for the remediation of phosphate from aqueous media. The magnetic nanoparticles could be easily separated from the reaction mixture by using a simple hand held magnet and adsorption studies demonstrate the fast and effective separation of phosphate with maximum removal efficiency > 90% at pH 6.6. The adsorption behavior follows the Freundlich isotherm and the removal of phosphate is found higher at acidic and neutral pH compared to basic conditions. The nanoparticles exhibit good selectivity and adsorption efficiency for phosphate in the presence of co-existing ions such as Cl-, \"\"
An Approximate Likelihood Ratio Method for Testing Equality of Two Dependent Proportions
Tadewos Koroto
Asian Journal of Mathematics & Statistics , 2009,
Abstract: This study considers an approximate likelihood ratio test for equality of two dependent proportions. A bivariate probability distribution of a specified form is assumed and the likelihood ratio statistic is approximated from this distribution. The distribution accounts for the correlation of the underlying two binomial random variables. The application of the procedure on data resulting from treatment of TB patients shows that the proposed test can be used as an alternative test for data involving non-response.
Prevalence of camel trypanosomosis and its vectors in Fentale district, South East Shoa Zone, Ethiopia
Chaka, Hassen,Eguale, Tadesse,Kassa, Tadewos
- , 2011,
Abstract: Sa？etak A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of camel trypanosomosis and assess the distribution and dynamics of the vectors responsible for transmission of the disease in five localities of Fentale district from September 2008 to January 2009. Parasitological examination was conducted using the microhaematocrit centrifugation technique (MHCT) and examination of Giemsa stained blood smears. The only species of trypanosome identified was Trypanosoma evansi with a prevalence of 4.7% by MHCT and 4.4% by blood smear. The prevalence was higher in male (6.8%) than female (4%) camels. With regard to age, calves (less than 2 years of age) were negative; the prevalence is high (7.7%) in young camels (between 3-4 years of age) and 4% in adult camels (older than 4 years of age). However, the difference in prevalence between sex and age groups was not statistically significant (P>0.05). The prevalence using blood smears was found to be different between different localities; the highest being 7.8% for Kobo and the lowest 2% for Haro kersa. The mean packed cell volume (PCV) of Trypanosoma evansi positive camels (22.43%) was significantly lower than that of negative camels (28.13%) (P<0.05). More than 99% of the biting flies captured from the study area were flies under the genus Stomoxys, while a few others such as Tabanus, Chrysops and Lyperosia were also captured. The highest fly count was recorded in September whilst the lowest was recorded in December. The current findings should not be generalized for all camel producing areas of the country or for all seasons in the same area. The prevalence of Trypanosoma evansi might be higher during the rainy season when the fly population (Tabanus) is expected to be high. Therefore, detailed studies should be carried out involving different seasons and the relative importance of different vectors in transmission of the disease in different ecologies
Prevalencija tripanosomoze i njezinih prijenosnika u deva u pokrajini Fentale u Jugoisto？noj ？oi u Etiopiji
Chaka, Hassen,Eguale, Tadesse,Kassa, Tadewos
- , 2011,
Abstract: Sa？etak Provedeno je istra？ivanje u svrhu odre？ivanja prevalencija tripanosomoze u deva te procjene rasprostranjenosti i dinamike prijenosnika bolesti na pet mjesta na podru？ju Fentale u razdoblju od rujna 2008. do sije？nja 2009. Parazitolo？ke pretrage provedene su na osnovi mikrohematokrita te bojenja krvnog razmaska po Giemsi. Na osnovi mikrohematokritskog nalaza dokazana je samo Trypanosoma evansi s prevalencijom od 4,7%. Pretragom krvnih razmazaka ustanovljena je ne？to ni？a prevalencija (4,4%). Prevalencija je bila vi？a u mu？jaka (6,8%) nego u ？enki (4%). Invazija tripanosomama nije bila dokazana u deva mla？ih od dvije godine. Prevalencija u deva u dobi od tri do ？etiri godine iznosila je 7,7%, a u deva starijih od ？etiri godine bila je 4%. Razlike u odnosu na spol i dob nisu bile statisti？ki zna？ajne (P>0,05). Prevalencija na temelju pretrage krvnih razmazaka bila je razli？ita u ？ivotinja iz razli？itih podru？ja. Najve？a prevalencija dokazana je u ？ivotinja na podru？ju Kobo (7,8%), dok je najmanja (2%) bila na podru？ju Haro Kersa. Srednja vrijednost hematokrita u invadiranih deva bila je statisti？ki zna？ajno manja (22,43%) u usporedbi s neinvadiranim devama (28,13%) (P<0,05). Vi？e od 99% ulovljenih kukaca pripadalo je muhama roda Stomoxys. Preostali su kukci pripadali rodovima Tabanus, Chrysops i Lyperosia. Najve？i broj kukaca bio je ulovljen tijekom rujna, a najmanji tijekom prosinca. Razumljivo je da je prevalencija nametnika Trypanosoma evansi bila vi？a tijekom ki？nih razdoblja. Autori smatraju da se dobiveni nalazi ne mogu odnositi na sva podru？ja kao i sva godi？nja doba pa zato predla？u da se nastave istra？ivanja, koja ？e obuhvatiti razli？ita razdoblja te ulogu razli？itih prijenosnika bolesti
Manuscript Information Evaluation of Physico-Chemical, Microbial and Organoleptic Properties of Cow Milk in Smoked Container with Olive (Olea africana) and Added Leaves of Koseret (Lippia adoensis) Authors Abstract Keywords Reference
Abadi Gebre Mezgebe,Henok Kurabachew,Tadewos Hadero
- , 2014,
Abstract:
Estado redox en pacientes infectados por VIH/sida con insuficiencia renal crónica sometidos a hemodiálisis The redox state of VIH/AIDS patients suffering chronic renal failure and undergoing hemodyalisis
Olga Casta？o Araujo,Lizette Gil del Valle,Daysi Agete Estrada,Maite Caballero Góngora
Revista Cubana de Farmacia , 2012,
Abstract: Introducción: el balance redox alterado en el curso de la insuficiencia renal crónica ha sido considerado un factor contribuyente a la morbilidad y mortalidad de la enfermedad y un factor asociado a la progresión de la infección por sida. Objetivo: valorar el estado redox en pacientes infectados por VIH con insuficiencia renal crónica que requirieron hemodiálisis. Métodos: se realizó un estudio de casos y controles en 20 pacientes VIH/sida con insuficiencia renal crónica y 40 individuos aparentemente sanos. Se realizaron determinaciones de malonildialdehído, glutatión, superóxido dismutasa, catalasa, productos avanzados de la oxidación de proteínas, hidroperóxidos y potencial de peroxidación, conjuntamente con los marcadores de progresión: conteo de linfocitos T CD4+ y carga viral y una serie de determinaciones hemoquímicas y hematológicas. El análisis se realizó antes, a los 30 min y a los 240 min del tratamiento dialítico. Estadísticamente se verificaron los supuestos de igualdad de varianza y normalidad de las variables, y en dependencia se aplicó una prueba paramétrica o no paramétrica. El resultado fue significativo para p< 0,05. Resultados: los indicadores del estado redox se encontraron alterados en los pacientes estudiados con respecto al grupo supuestamente sano antes de la hemodiálisis. Se mostró un valor mayor significativo (p< 0,05) de los índices malonildialdehído, productos avanzados de la oxidación de proteínas, superóxido dismutasa, y un valor menor de catalasa y glutatión a los 240 min de realizada la diálisis, con la excepción de los hidroperóxidos que no mostraron cambios. La carga viral plasmática disminuyó de manera significativa en el proceso. Conclusiones: los resultados sugieren que el proceso dialítico en este tipo de pacientes favorece el estrés oxidativo, conjuntamente con una disminución de la carga viral plasmática. El estudio aporta valor metodológico en el manejo de estos pacientes y en la búsqueda por mejorar su calidad de vida. Introduction: the altered redox balance in chronic renal failure has been considered a contributing factor to morbidity and mortality from this disease and as an AIDS progression-associated factor. Objective: to assess the redox state in HIV patients suffering chronic renal failure that requires haemodialysis. Methods: a case-control study was conducted in 20 HIV/AIDS patients with chronic renal failure and in 40 apparently healthy individuals. Estimations of malonildialdehyde, gluthatione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, advanced products from protein oxidation, hydroperoxides and peroxidation pot
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